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Human Endocrine Glands

Human Endocrine Glands

Gland

Hormone

Functions

Hypothalamus

Releasing and inhibiting hormones and factors
Posterior pituitary hormones produced here

Control of another pituitary hormones

Posterior pituitary gland

Receives hormones from hypothalamus no hormones synthesised here
stores and secretes the following:
Oxytocin
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin)

Ejection of milk from mammary gland, contraction of uterus during birth
Reduction of urine secretion by kidney

Anterior pituitary gland

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinising hormone (LH)
Prolactin
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH or corticotrophin)
Growth hormone (GH)

In male, stimulate spermatogenesis
In female, growth of ovarian follicles
In male testosterone secretion
In female secretion of oestrogen and progesterone, ovulation and maintenance of corpus luteum
Stimulates milk production and secretion
Synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones growth of thyroid glands.
Synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortex hormones growth of gland
Protein synthesis, growth, especially of bone of limbs

Parathyroid gland

Parathormone

Increases blood calcium level
Decreases blood phosphate level

Thyroid gland

Triiodothyronine (T3)and thyroxine (T4)
Calcitonin

Regulation of basal metabolic rate, growth and development
Decreases blood calcium level

Adrenal cortex

Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

Protein breakdown, glucose/glycogen synthesis,adaptation to stress, anti-inflammatory/allergy effects
Na+ retention in kidney, Na+ and K+ ratios in extracellular and intracellular fluids, raises blood pressure

Adrenal medulla

Adrenaline (epinephrine)
Noradrenaline (norepinephrine)

Increase rate and force of heartbeat, constriction of skin and gut capillaries
Dilation of arterioles of heart and skeletal muscles, raising blood glucose level
General constriction of small arteries, raising of blood pressure

Islets of Langerhans

Insulin (beta cells)
Glucagon (alpha cells)

Decreases blood glucose level, increases glucose and amino acid uptake and utilisation by cells
Increases blood glucose level, breakdown of glucogen to glucose in liver

stomach
Duodenum

Gastrin
Secretin
Cholecystokinin (Pancreozymin)

Secretion of gastric juices
Secretion of pancreatic juice
Inhibits gastric secretion
Emptying of gall bladder and release of pancreatic juice in to duodenum

Kidney
Ovary

Renin
Oestrogens(17 Beta-oestradiol)
Progesterone

Conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin
Female secondary sex characteristics, oestrous cycle
Gestation, inhibition of ovulation

Corpus luteum

Progesterone and oestrogen
Progesterone ans oestrogen

Growth and development of uterus
Foetal development

Placenta

Chorionic gonadotrophin
Human placental lactogen

Maintenance of corpus luteum

Posted by allexam Thursday, July 31, 2008 at 3:11 AM Labels:  

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